Complimentary Blueberry Juice

Illuminating agriculture with an ecological light.


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  • New Greenhouse Coming Up

    The snow has finally melted and we’re still waiting for it to warm up, waiting for the chance to get some carrots in, and waiting for all the mud to go away. On the upside there I invested in some very nice rubber boots, which are super comfy.

    Most of the days here lately have been spent on the new greenhouse. My dad has been busy getting that done, we framed the end walls and now adding the initial channels for our plastic.

    Our goal is to get this done within the next week or so. Even though it’s muddy and hasn’t been the nicest, it’s gotta be done before we need to be out in the field so it isn’t a distraction during planting season.

    The first tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and lettuce for the greenhouse have all been started already, and in two weeks they’ll be good to go in.

    Hopefully I’ll have more exciting photos by next Wednesday! And there’s lots still to be done: roll-up sides, plastic, power, water, furnace.

    Other than that…just feeding the bees and planting in the greenhouse, waiting for sun.

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice

  • Transplanting Patience

    We finally have some photosynthesis going on in the greenhouse! It’s nice to see green while there is still snow outside. This year feels a bit boring so far to start, but that’s largely due to me continuously moving seeding dates up.

    Partly because of our improvements in germination. I used to give 7-10 days for lettuce to come up, enough days to recover if I had to re-seed. Now I have lettuce germination down to 3-4 days.

    Partly also because our transplants are often large or stretching by the time we get them in the field, and this doesn’t do us any favours. Often planting stressed or stretching plants sets them back as they have to re-acclimate to new surroundings, which might take a week, even two weeks.

    So we have a little more time on our hands in April this time, and with the delay in seeding most things, hopefully it will also give us more time during transplanting season. When you see stressed or stretching plants the instinct is to then rush to get them in. I’d rather have plants a bit “behind” than ahead of themselves and stressed.

    These improvements have been the biggest benefits of careful note taking and updating the seeding spreadsheet each year.

    So for now we’ll just be watching the snow melt!

    Graham

    thanks for reading Complimentary Blueberry Juice

  • 2 for 2: Overwintering Honeybees

    Still in the first year of beekeeping here! It felt like a big test, to see if I could successfully overwinter the bees. On a nice day recently I went in for a check, removing the R10 and R20 insulation that was (hopefully) keeping the bees stable all winter. And right away we saw good news, both hives were actively eating through the fondant supplement I had given them.

    After cracking the lid it was obvious there was lots of bees and both hives seem to be buzzing and humming along really nicely.

    It was pretty exciting to see all those bees!

    Still have a ways to go yet before any food sources start coming in, so I’m not quite out of my first year of beekeeping. There’s food and mites to stay on top of, and then we’ll see how strong these hives are as the queens start laying their first eggs of the season. This final two month stretch will be the last learning curve to go through before I can finally repeat this all and see if I managed to learn anything.

    Nothing quite like hearing a humming hive at the end of March with snow on the ground. Spring is on the way.

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice

  • Let’s Talk Weeds in No-Till Gardening

    Let’s Talk Weeds in No-Till Gardening

    I’ll be giving a little talk tomorrow, Thursday March 20th, at Little Brown Jug in Winnipeg starting at 7pm.

    The topic is managing weeds in a no-till permanent bed system.

    Hoping that after this talk I will follow my own advice and finally get better at managing them weeds!

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice

  • Toxic By Default

    We received notice from our RM of all the wonderful chemicals that may be applied during the season, a run-of-the-mill PSA. It proceeds to list 9 different herbicides and 4 pesticides. At the bottom of the PSA comes the kicker: if you don’t agree, you have to write a physical letter to the provincial government asking for exemption.

    I find this chemical-laden world we live in absolutely absurd. The default is chemicals, and if you don’t agree to being exposed to chemicals on your property, in the year of 2025, you must send a physical letter to opt out.

    Otherwise, you are out of self-protectionist letter-writing luck in public areas. Areas you may take your kids, areas you may go for a run, or walk your dogs. We live in a chemically compromised world, and these are only the ones we are told about, or physically witness being applied.

    Since it is seeding time, the question of chemicals is front in my mind. Common practice in agriculture is to coat seeds with all sorts of chemicals. Fungicides, pesticides, trademarked and patented secret sauces for protection against this and protection against that. I have seen bags of seed labelled with poison symbols, with warnings not to eat, or, not to let your livestock on the applied field within 45 days after planting. Because with all these chemicals, there is also conveniently a magic period of time after application that makes it all safe again.

    And those are vegetables that you end up eating.

    We are assaulted from chemicals on all sides, without even knowing. And the default is to accept it as unharmful. This isn’t the case with say, cigarettes, which everyone understands your right to enjoy a smoke stops at also polluting the lungs of those in the room or in the car with you.

    This topic really hits my ecologist-wired mind hard. I find this remarkably sad view of our planet and our world. I find it unfathomably short-sighted. I believe it to be utter hubris, and peak human ignorance and futile exercise in reductionism. The idea that we can insert a chemical into a seed and magically produce resistance to a perceived threat ignores every biological reality known to science. There are thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions of genes in a seed, all getting switched on or switched off, according to environmental pressures.

    But we humans know better than the developing embryo and genetics of a seed. And, after inserting chemicals into seeds to protect the crop from this and that, we then proceed to spray more chemicals while the plant is growing, to prevent this disaster or that.

    The default.

    This sort of thinking is so pervasive it seems impossible to go against it. But I am incapable of seeing the world and everything in it as a threat. I am incapable of seeing my crops this way, like they are being attacked from hordes of funguses and insects and diseases that you only hear about from poisonous seed labels. The incubated fear is real. The response is to grab the chemical. It isn’t even questioned. There is no effort made to understand the plant, understand plant physiology, or think of a plant as anything other than stupid, a sitting duck, lying in the open with no cover or defences, thank goodness there are humans around to protect them.

    The informational input to the human mind is largely one-dimensional and increasingly aesthetic. We can see one problem and one problem only, and it is almost always perceived as a threat. A weed in a lawn, is a threat to the lawn. A worm eating a tree leaf is a threat to the tree. But what we don’t see is the million, billion, trillion other factors that are contributing to the situation. We don’t see the entire food web. We don’t see the genes switching on and off to environmental stimuli. We don’t see the changes and responses by nature over time, because we live on a time scale that can only compute annual growth. We don’t see the stimuli, we don’t see the synthetic chemical molecule interacting with the cell membrane, we don’t see any of it. The most profound factors effecting gene expression are invisible to us. The peaks and valleys of predators and prey are reduced to a flat stable line, trap counts and budgets for spraying chemicals.

    I came across this photo recently of Toronto, Yonge and Eglington, circa 1922. I shudder to think what we have lost in our relentless pursuit to make our environment “clean.”

    There is nothing more clean than the natural world fully expressing itself through diversity.

    The problem is that our chemicals are not specific. They target all. Thus the effect to the environment is total. Thus begins a cascade of environmental failure that creates further reliance on chemicals. We create the imbalance through our actions and our desire for a certain aesthetic, then we pour billions of dollars into chemical warfare to keep it imbalanced.

    The biggest buyers of chemicals? Farmers and governments.

    The default is an infinite hamster wheel, and we can only get off the manic single-minded ride if we choose to see our amazing world and everything in it a different way.

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice


    See Also:

    Butterflies Decline in US by 22% since 2000.

    Pesticide Use in Canada Soars.

    Widespread global decline in insects.


  • Managing Chaos: Creating a Schedule

    I’ve been working at it for awhile now, but within the next week I will finalize the schedule for the entire farming season. It includes seeding dates, transplanting targets, and all sorts of reminders.

    I started building this about 5 years ago and I’m not sure I remember how to run a farm without it! The biggest difference is not having to keep all of it in your head, that day-to-day management is eased a lot by simply referring to the master schedule.

    It gets better and better each year as each season when we re-assess everything, you can add things that are important. As of last year we’re adding things like foliar nutrition applications and fall soil prep end dates to the schedule. It helps us get smarter and more efficient with time management, and allows us to adjust every year. By the time it is done we will have over 300 line items on this spreadsheet that will guide us and our season from March to October.

    But mostly it takes the energy of thinking during the season out of the equation, so you can focus entirely on what’s actually happening.

    I know there are programs out there to help with seeding schedules and such, but I have found that I enjoy the exercise of updating this specific schedule to our own specific farm, tailored for what we need to get accomplished, and what works for us.

    Over the season, the grower makes a million decisions, and to be able to save some brain power on the organization side that can be diverted to real-time decisions makes a huge difference, especially as the season goes on, the days get shorter and just like nature, we start getting tired and are needing some rest.

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice

  • Book Recommendation: Finding the Mother Tree

    I’ve had this one on my reading list for awhile having read some of her scientific work in the course of learning about plant’s symbiotic connections with microbial life, and I cannot recommend this one enough: Finding the Mother Tree by Suzanne Simard published in 2021.

    The journey to discovering trees and forests’ connections with fungal networks is buried within a memoir of her own life. It is a powerful way of conveying both the story of discovery, and the absurd fights from industry, government, and other scientists, that come as a reaction to truths.

    By now in 2025 I feel like a lot of these concepts of plant symbiosis with microbial life and their literal entanglement with plants is a basic accepted fact, at least in the world of organic and regenerative agriculture. But Simard fought the good fight when this was not accepted fact. These battles are soul-crushing to read but the way Simard has presented these detractors in the appropriate light. My favourite example may be Simard pointing out early climate change research and how it would affect forests (what would become the infamous hockey stick graph) and was ridiculed for accepting this new science as fact. If only the forests could laugh, as the decades since, and the most recent year or two, have shown in graphic and overpowering force how true these things are.

    For anyone who loves trees and interested to learn more about plant intelligence and how everything is connected, this one is highly recommended.

    Graham

    thanks for reading complimentary blueberry juice

  • No Light Without Heat

    Last fall I wrote a post titled Science Will Win, around the time a collaborative journalistic investigation revealed a group lead by a former Monsanto PR executive were compiling a database of people connected to or involved with work that was critical of pesticides, GMOs or advocates for various forms of organic agriculture.

    There’s an update on that one: the company has shut down.

    Those seeking more knowledge in good faith on behalf of the public, unfortunately face many roadblocks, including pressure or smear campaigns, but the growing amount of awareness of issues related to adverse chemical effects and environmental degradation will make these pressure and smear campaigns harder.

    Kudos to the team of journalists for doing brave work, and to those who fight for better answers, and for our collective health.

    There is no light without heat.

    Graham

    thanks for reading Complimentary Blueberry Juice

  • Grower Error III: Incomplete Nutrition

    One thing becomes clear after reviewing the various challenges or crop failures I’ve had over the past few years. There is a common denominator, and that common denominator is an inattentiveness to plant nutrition.

    For the most part I’m very lucky where the farm is, our clay soils are pretty good and if the weather is favourable things will generally work out. However there are many potential points of failure. I’ve run into those potential points of failure more times than I’d like to admit.

    It’s important to feed your plants.

    So for the 2025 season I want to put together a nutrition program that intends to inject nutrition or a biological at every possible stage of the plant’s life. It doesn’t mean that it will make all the plants fail-proof, but it can mean we have more resilient plants. For market gardening with 35-40 different crops, there can’t be a one-size-fits-all solution. The nightshades are going to have different needs than the brassicas, and so on.

    What I can do is implement a new thought process that will demand ongoing attentiveness to this issue. So far in my thinking I’ve come up with a list of 7 important categories of places I can take a nutrition action:

    seed planting
    greenhouse soil mix
    transplanting solutions
    foliar applications
    bed flips
    fall soil amendments
    cover crops

    As an example, when we get to a transplanting day, and there’s plain old well water in the transplanter, I might have to ask myself “am I doing all I can to aid the plant nutritionally in this step” and, in this case, the answer would have to be “absolutely not.”

    There will be a lot of trialling and experimenting, but what are we doing if we aren’t trying to learn new things or gain some insight? There’s still a couple months to do some reading and research.

    I’m still excited about the (very) successful trials I ran last fall with calcium applications and those results have been the insight that has shown a much bigger path forward for a more total plant nutrition approach.

    Graham

    thanks for reading Complimentary Blueberry Juice

  • Grower Success II: Cover Crop

    After going through last year’s photos again I realized one of our most solid crop installations was actually our cover crop. We put more forethought and action into prepping the site than we did our nearly-failed onion crop, which really goes to show what you can accomplish if you prepare and what chaos you will have if you don’t.

    The truth is, we were both nervous and anxious about putting this cover crop in, as we’ve never done anything like it. As such we took extra precautions and extra preparations.

    There’s a big, big lesson in that.

    Perhaps the most important thing was patience.

    We selected a site for our cover crop trial well in advance. Knowing that the cover crop had to get up and going meant two things: we had to control for weeds, and we needed to plant just before a rain (so the seed wasn’t sitting there with all the weeds ready to germinate).

    To control for weeds we made repeated tillage passes to make sure our site was “clean.” One day we saw that indeed it was going to rain, at least enough to germinate the crop, so we did one last tillage pass, and planted the crop the day before the rain event.

    There was no “doing it anyway” or “just go for it” or powering through despite bad timing or farmer anxieties. The success of this cover crop was down to planning, preparation, and waiting. And the results speak for themselves. We now have an excellent cover crop with which we can run trials with, as we scale up our cover crop installations for 2025.

    Patience comes into play a lot in our short Zone 4 season…things like corn and beans don’t like cold soil so you need patience (waiting for the soil to warm up is worth it), things like tomatoes or cucumbers can’t get even a light touch of frost so patience is key there as well. And if you’re farming without irrigation, or trying to germinate a cover crop without irrigation, prepping while you wait for that moment when the rain comes is a big game changer.

    Good things come.

    Graham

    thanks for reading Complimentary Blueberry Juice

About Graham

Graham is an ecologist-farmer from Canada working on educating about the wonders and beauty of the natural world, and how we can design biodiverse food production systems.



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